This blog post explores the history and significance of reef net fishing in the Salish Sea, focusing on the Lummi Nation's efforts to preserve this traditional practice amidst environmental challenges and modern fishing methods.
The Salish Sea, rich in cultural heritage and natural resources, has been home to the Lummi Nation, known for their unique reef net fishing technique. This ancient practice not only served as a means of sustenance but also shaped the community's identity and economy. This blog post delves into the history, significance, and current challenges faced by the last tribal reef netters in the Salish Sea.
Reef net fishing is a traditional method that has been integral to the Lummi Nation's way of life. As one interviewee noted, "The reef net technology was our economy, our way of life." This technique was specifically designed for the abundant waters of the Salish Sea, allowing the Lummi people to thrive as one of the richest hunter-gatherer tribes in the world.
The advent of the canning industry in the 1860s marked a significant turning point for the Lummi Nation. The shift from communal fishing practices to a profit-driven model led to the decline of community participation. As the interviewee pointed out, "That took the community participation out so that just one person, the cannery owner, was gonna benefit."
Traditionally, reef net sites were not bought or sold; they were passed down through generations. This familial connection to the land and water is a vital aspect of the Lummi culture. One participant shared their personal journey, stating, "I was the skipper's daughter... I felt the need to work harder and faster than any other crew member to keep my place on the boat."
The journey into reef net fishing often begins in childhood. Many Lummi children grew up fishing with their families, creating lasting memories and a deep connection to their heritage. However, the decline in salmon populations over the past 30 years has deprived a new generation of these experiences. The interviewee lamented, "There's a whole generation of children that haven't had the opportunity to go out on boats with family."
In an effort to revive this important cultural practice, Larry Kinley, a member of the Lummi Nation, envisioned bringing reef net fishing back to the community. He believed that understanding fishing was crucial for the younger generation to grasp their history and significance. With determination, Larry and his team built a modern reef net, incorporating updated materials and techniques while respecting traditional practices.
The establishment of a reef net was not without challenges. The proposed construction of a coal port at Cherry Point threatened both the reef net sites and the ancestral village. The Lummi Nation fought back, successfully denying the permit for the dock, which would have disrupted their fishing rights and heritage. As one chairman stated, "We won't allow it."
Despite the challenges, the Lummi Nation remains committed to preserving their fishing traditions. The hope is to pass on the knowledge of reef net fishing to future generations, ensuring that the cultural legacy continues. The interviewee reflected on this goal, stating, "Larry's goal with the reef net was he was hoping to pass it on to Northwest Indian College to get students out on them."
While the salmon populations are currently low, there is optimism for their recovery. The interviewee expressed hope, saying, "I know that salmon are resilient, and I know that they will build back up to where we'll have harvestable levels again."
The story of the last tribal reef netters in the Salish Sea is one of resilience, tradition, and the ongoing struggle to maintain cultural identity in the face of modern challenges. The Lummi Nation's commitment to preserving their fishing practices is a testament to their deep connection to the land and water. As they continue to navigate the complexities of environmental change and cultural preservation, the legacy of reef net fishing remains a vital part of their heritage, inviting all to witness and appreciate the history of this remarkable practice.
